• •Allah is one, with no partner and no equal — refuting polytheism, and refuting the claim He has children.
• •It equals a third of the Quran because it gathers the oneness of Allah, His names, and His attributes.
• •The Prophet ﷺ called it «a third of the Quran» — its themes encapsulate the entire message of tawḥīd.

Bukhārī & Muslim

• •Seek refuge in the Lord of the dawn from every created evil.
• •From the darkness, from those who blow on knots, and from the envier.
• •The word «min» (from) is repeated four times — encompassing every type of external evil.

Bukhārī & Muslim

• •The Lord, King, and God of mankind — three names that gather Lordship, sovereignty, and divinity.
• •From the whisperer who withdraws, who whispers into the hearts of jinn and humans.
• •Protection from internal evil — the whisperings of Shayṭān that enter the heart secretly.

Bukhārī & Muslim

• •Allah gave His Prophet ﷺ the river al-Kawthar in Paradise — its banks are of gold, its water sweeter than honey and whiter than milk.
• •«So pray to your Lord and sacrifice» — turn from the enemy, devote yourself to your Lord alone.
• •The one who hates the Prophet ﷺ is the one cut off — from remembrance, from good, and from posterity.

Bukhārī

• •All of mankind is in loss except those who combine four: faith, righteous deeds, mutual exhortation to truth, and to patience.
• •Imām ash-Shāfiʿī said if people pondered this sūrah it would suffice them — it contains the entire religion.
• •The oath by time underscores its preciousness — every moment is either a gain or a loss.

at-Ṭabarī

• •Preoccupation with worldly increase distracts you until you visit the graves.
• •You will surely come to know — then you will surely be asked about the blessing.
• •Two certainties: you will see the Fire with certainty of sight, then be questioned about every delight.

at-Ṭabarī

• •Woe to every mocker who accumulates wealth, thinking it will make him last.
• •He will be thrown into the crushing Fire, kindled by Allah, which closes over them.
• •The fire «rises over the hearts» — the punishment targets the very heart that loved wealth over Allah.

at-Ṭabarī

• •What is the striking hour? A day when people are like scattered moths.
• •Scales: he whose scales are heavy is in a pleasing life; he whose scales are light has the abyss as his mother.
• •The word «Qāriʿah» is repeated — the sternness of the name underscores the terror of that day.

at-Ṭabarī

• •On that day the earth relates its news; your Lord inspires it.
• •Whoever does an atom's weight of good will see it, and likewise evil.
• •The earth speaks — testifying for and against its inhabitants, every deed recorded.

at-Ṭabarī

• •By the charging, panting, striking hooves of the warhorses.
• •Man is ungrateful to his Lord, and he is witness to that; he is intense in love of wealth.
• •The oath by warhorses — a reminder that human ingratitude persists even amid the splendour of Allah's creation.

at-Ṭabarī

• •Allah swore by the morning light and by the night — that He did not abandon His Prophet ﷺ.
• •«Your Lord has not forsaken you, nor does He hate you» — a direct answer to the pause in revelation.
• •The last life is better for you than the first — the Hereafter exceeds this world; the Prophet ﷺ will be given the Basin.

Bukhārī & Muslim

• •«Did We not open your breast for you?» — the chest was opened and purified, as in the ḥadīth of the splitting of the chest.
• •«With hardship comes ease» — repeated twice; each hardship is paired with ease, a promise of relief.
• •When you have finished, rise — the worshipper turns from prayer to another good deed, renewing effort.

Bukhārī & Muslim

• •Allah swears by the fig, olive, Mount Sinai, and the secure city — places of revelation and wisdom.
• •Man is created in the best of stature, then reduced to the lowest — when he rejects faith.
• •Those who believe and do righteous deeds have a reward uninterrupted — true dignity belongs to the believer.

at-Ṭabarī

• •We revealed it on the Night of Decree — the Quran descended in its totality on this night.
• •It is better than a thousand months — worship on it exceeds eighty-three years of worship.
• •Peace it is until the break of dawn — the angels descend, and it is entirely safety, no evil in it.

Bukhārī & Muslim

• •The disbelievers did not split until a clear proof came to them — the Prophet ﷺ reciting purified pages.
• •Those given the scripture did not differ except after knowledge came to them, out of envy.
• •The best of creation are those who believe and do righteous deeds — «the best of creatures» on the Day of Judgement.

at-Ṭabarī